What determines the magnitude of voltage produced in a cell with two different metals?

The magnitude of voltage produced in a cell containing two different metals is determined by the difference in their tendencies to lose electrons, which is indicated by their positions in the electrochemical series. This series ranks metals based on their reactivity and, consequently, their ability to act as reducing agents. The greater the difference in reactivity between the two metals, the larger the voltage generated in the electrochemical cell.

When two metals are used, one will undergo oxidation (lose electrons) while the other will undergo reduction (gain electrons). The potential difference, or voltage, produced is a result of this electron transfer, which is influenced by how far apart the two metals are placed in the electrochemical series. A larger distance means a greater tendency for one metal to lose electrons compared to the other, resulting in a higher voltage.

Other factors, such as the color, mass, or temperature of the metals, do not directly influence the voltage produced in this context. The electron transfer is fundamentally linked to the intrinsic properties of the metals as determined by their chemical characteristics, and these are encapsulated in the electrochemical series.