What is the main purpose of the Haber process?

The Haber process is specifically designed for the synthesis of ammonia from its elemental components, nitrogen and hydrogen. In this industrial procedure, nitrogen gas (N2) from the atmosphere reacts with hydrogen gas (H2) under high temperature and pressure, often with the help of an iron catalyst, to produce ammonia (NH3). This reaction is crucial as ammonia is a fundamental building block for fertilizers, enabling the large-scale production of food and helping to sustain global agriculture.

In contrast, the other processes mentioned involve different reactions and principles. For instance, synthesizing nitric acid involves distinct chemical pathways and reactants not covered by the Haber process. Similarly, oxidizing ammonia to nitrogen monoxide is a different reaction that occurs in the context of various oxidation processes but does not pertain to ammonia production. Finally, converting ammonia into nitrates involves further chemical reactions that utilize ammonia but are separate from the primary goal of the Haber process itself. Thus, option B accurately captures the essence of the Haber process's purpose.